New Patriotic Party | NPP
Presidential Executive Appointees
- This includes civil servants, special assistants, presidential staffers, and ministerial aides.
National Democratic Congress | NDC
Presidential Executive Appointees
- This includes civil servants, special assistants, presidential staffers, and ministerial aides.
Active Political Parties (Fourth Republic, 1992–Present)
National Democratic Congress (NDC)
Founder: Formed by supporters of the Provisional National Defence Council (PNDC), led by Jerry John Rawlings
New Patriotic Party (NPP)
Founder: Emerged from the "Danquah-Busia tradition," founded by followers of Kofi Abrefa Busia and J.B. Danquah in 1992
Convention People’s Party (CPP)
Founder: Kwame Nkrumah (original 1949 party); reformed in 1996 after mergers with smaller Nkrumahist parties
Pre‐Independence and Early Independence Parties
United Gold Coast Convention (UGCC)
- Founders: Key founding figures include J. B. Danquah, Ebenezer Ako Adjei, Nana Sir Ofori Atta, and others who represented the educated elite seeking self‐government in 1947.
National Liberation Movement (NLM)
- Founder: Baffour Osei Akoto (formed in 1954 as a reaction to CPP policies and representing a strand of Ashanti nationalism)
Progress Party (PP)
- Founder: Kofi Abrefa Busia (the PP led the Second Republic from 1969 until the coup in 1972; it emerged from the Danquah–Busia tradition)
Popular Front Party (PFP)
- Founder: Victor Owusu (also established in 1979; later merged into the All People’s Party during the Third Republic)
United National Convention (UNC)
- Founder: William Ofori-Atta (another formation from 1979, representing part of the opposition rooted in the Danquah tradition)
Ghana's Democracy
The 1992 Contitution
The 1992 Constitution of Ghana serves as the supreme legal framework for the country, establishing the foundation for governance, human rights, and the rule of law.
